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Engineering Toolbox

Unit Conversion Tables

Convert the units you use every day in liquid-cooling design — instantly, or from the reference tables below. Kv/Cv valve coefficient conversion included.

Quick Unit Converter

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Live
1 bar =
14.504
PSI

Pressure

bar · MPa · PSI · atm
From To Multiply by Example
atm (atmosphere) bar × 1.01325 1.1 atm × 1.01325 = 1.115 bar
atm MPa × 0.10132 1.1 atm × 0.10132 = 0.111 MPa
atm PSI × 14.696 1.1 atm × 14.696 = 16.166 PSI
bar atm × 0.98692 10 bar × 0.98692 = 9.8692 atm
bar MPa × 0.1 10 bar × 0.1 = 1.0 MPa
bar PSI × 14.504 10 bar × 14.504 = 145 PSI
MPa (megapascal)* atm × 9.8692 10 MPa × 9.8692 = 98.692 atm
MPa bar × 10 10 MPa × 10 = 100 bar
MPa PSI × 145.0 10 MPa × 145.0 = 1450 PSI
PSI (pounds/in²) atm × 0.068 100 PSI × 0.068 = 6.80 atm
PSI bar × 0.0689 100 PSI × 0.0689 = 6.89 bar
PSI MPa × 0.00689 100 PSI × 0.00689 = 0.689 MPa
kp/cm² (kilopond/cm²) bar × 0.981 10 kp/cm² × 0.981 = 9.81 bar
kp/cm² MPa × 0.0981 10 kp/cm² × 0.0981 = 0.981 MPa
kp/cm² PSI × 14.223 10 kp/cm² × 14.223 = 142.2 PSI

Flow

l/min · m³/h · CFM · GPM
From To Multiply by Example
CFM (ft³/min) l/min × 28.32 100 CFM × 28.32 = 2832 l/min
CFM l/s × 0.472 100 CFM × 0.472 = 47.2 l/s
CFM m³/h × 1.699 100 CFM × 1.699 = 169.9 m³/h
l/min (liter/minute) CFM × 0.0353 100 l/min × 0.0353 = 3.5 CFM
l/min l/s × 0.0167 100 l/min × 0.0167 = 1.7 l/s
l/min m³/h × 0.06 100 l/min × 0.06 = 6 m³/h
l/s (liter/second)* CFM × 2.119 10 l/s × 2.119 = 21.2 CFM
l/s l/min × 60 10 l/s × 60 = 600 l/min
l/s m³/h × 3.6 10 l/s × 3.6 = 36 m³/h
m³/h (cubic meter/hour) CFM × 0.5885 10 m³/h × 0.5885 = 5.885 CFM
m³/h l/min × 16.667 10 m³/h × 16.667 = 166.7 l/min
m³/h l/s × 0.2777 10 m³/h × 0.2777 = 2.777 l/s
GPM US (gallon/minute) l/min × 3.7854 10 GPM US × 3.7854 = 37.85 l/min
GPM UK l/min × 4.5461 10 GPM UK × 4.5461 = 45.46 l/min
Valve Flow Coefficient

Kv / Cv Valve Flow Coefficients

The standard coefficients describing the flow capacity of valves, couplings, and manifolds. Kv is metric (Europe/Korea); Cv is the US convention.

Kv

Kv (metric flow coefficient)

Flow of water (5–40°C) in m³/h through the valve at a pressure drop of 1 bar (per IEC 60534).

Cv

Cv (US flow coefficient)

Flow of water at 60°F in US GPM through the valve at a pressure drop of 1 psi (per ANSI/ISA).

Conversion formulas

Kv = 0.865 × Cv
Cv = 1.156 × Kv

Kv ↔ Cv Converter

Type a value on either side — the other side is calculated automatically.

Kv (m³/h @ 1 bar)
Cv (US GPM @ 1 psi)

Flow Equation (liquids)

With a known Kv you can estimate flow at a given pressure drop. For water (SG = 1):

Q = Kv × √(Δp / SG)
  • Q = flow (m³/h)
  • Δp = pressure drop (bar)
  • SG = specific gravity (water = 1)

Example: a coupling with Kv = 10 at Δp = 0.5 bar → Q = 10 × √0.5 ≈ 7.07 m³/h

Kv ↔ Cv Reference Table

Kv (m³/h) Cv (US GPM) Kv (l/min)
0.5 0.58 8.3
1 1.16 16.7
2 2.31 33.3
3 3.47 50.0
5 5.78 83.3
8 9.25 133.3
10 11.56 166.7
15 17.34 250.0
20 23.12 333.3
30 34.68 500.0
50 57.80 833.3
80 92.48 1,333.3
100 115.60 1,666.7

Note: the equation above is an approximation for turbulent, incompressible liquids. Two-phase fluids, high-viscosity coolants, and cavitating conditions require correction. Contact the IMMERSEKOOL engineering team for detailed sizing.

Volume

l · m³ · gal · ft³
From To Multiply by Example
ft³ (cubic foot) gal UK × 6.228 10 ft³ × 6.228 = 62.28 gal UK
ft³ gal US × 7.48 10 ft³ × 7.48 = 74.8 gal US
ft³ l × 28.32 10 ft³ × 28.32 = 283.2 l
ft³ × 0.0283 10 ft³ × 0.0283 = 0.283 m³
gal UK (gallon UK) l × 4.546 10 gal UK × 4.546 = 45.46 l
gal UK gal US × 1.2009 10 gal UK × 1.2009 = 12.009 gal US
gal US (gallon US) l × 3.785 10 gal US × 3.785 = 37.85 l
gal US gal UK × 0.8326 10 gal US × 0.8326 = 8.326 gal UK
l (liter) gal US × 0.264 100 l × 0.264 = 26.4 gal US
l ft³ × 0.0353 100 l × 0.0353 = 3.53 ft³
l × 0.001 100 l × 0.001 = 0.1 m³
m³ (cubic meter)* l × 1000 10 m³ × 1000 = 10,000 l
ft³ × 35.3 10 m³ × 35.3 = 353 ft³
gal US × 264.17 10 m³ × 264.17 = 2641.7 gal US

Force

N · kp · lbf
From To Multiply by Example
lbf (pound force) kp × 0.454 10 lbf × 0.454 = 4.54 kp
lbf N × 4.448 10 lbf × 4.448 = 44.48 N
kp (kilogram force) lbf × 2.205 10 kp × 2.205 = 22.05 lbf
kp N × 9.806 10 kp × 9.806 = 98.06 N
N (newton)* lbf × 0.2248 10 N × 0.2248 = 2.25 lbf
N kp × 0.1020 10 N × 0.1020 = 1.02 kp

Length

mm · m · inch · ft
From To Multiply by Example
ft (foot) inch × 12 10 ft × 12 = 120 inch
ft m × 0.3048 10 ft × 0.3048 = 3.048 m
ft mm × 304.8 10 ft × 304.8 = 3048 mm
inch mm × 25.4 10 inch × 25.4 = 254 mm
inch m × 0.0254 10 inch × 0.0254 = 0.254 m
m (meter)* ft × 3.28083 10 m × 3.28083 = 32.8083 ft
m inch × 39.3699 10 m × 39.3699 = 393.699 inch
m mm × 1000 10 m × 1000 = 10,000 mm
mm (millimeter) inch × 0.03937 10 mm × 0.03937 = 0.3937 inch
mm m × 0.001 10 mm × 0.001 = 0.01 m

Mass

g · kg · lb · oz
From To Multiply by Example
g (gram) kg × 0.001 10 g × 0.001 = 0.01 kg
g oz × 0.0353 10 g × 0.0353 = 0.353 oz
kg (kilogram)* lb × 2.205 10 kg × 2.205 = 22.05 lb
kg oz × 35.274 10 kg × 35.274 = 352.74 oz
lb (pound) kg × 0.4536 10 lb × 0.4536 = 4.536 kg
lb g × 453.6 10 lb × 453.6 = 4536 g
oz (ounce) g × 28.349 10 oz × 28.349 = 283.49 g
oz kg × 0.0283 10 oz × 0.0283 = 0.283 kg

Torque

Nm · lbf·ft · kpm
From To Multiply by Example
kpm (kilopond meter) lbf·ft × 7.233 10 kpm × 7.233 = 72.33 lbf·ft
kpm Nm × 9.81 10 kpm × 9.81 = 98.1 Nm
lbf·ft (pound-force foot) Nm × 1.356 10 lbf·ft × 1.356 = 13.56 Nm
lbf·ft kpm × 0.1383 10 lbf·ft × 0.1383 = 1.38 kpm
Nm (newton meter)* kpm × 0.1020 10 Nm × 0.1020 = 1.02 kpm
Nm lbf·ft × 0.7376 10 Nm × 0.7376 = 7.38 lbf·ft

Temperature

°C · °F · K

Temperature converts by formula, not by multiplication.

°F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
K = °C + 273.15
°C°FK
-40 °C -40.0 °F 233.15 K
0 °C 32.0 °F 273.15 K
20 °C 68.0 °F 293.15 K
25 °C 77.0 °F 298.15 K
40 °C 104.0 °F 313.15 K
60 °C 140.0 °F 333.15 K
80 °C 176.0 °F 353.15 K
100 °C 212.0 °F 373.15 K

* = SI unit, international unit according to the "Système International d'Unités".

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